{"id":4450,"date":"2018-01-12T08:26:17","date_gmt":"2018-01-12T01:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/?p=4450"},"modified":"2018-01-12T08:35:34","modified_gmt":"2018-01-12T01:35:34","slug":"thach-thuc-cua-san-xuat-ca-phe-o-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/thach-thuc-cua-san-xuat-ca-phe-o-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

TS. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng <\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

(i) Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a B\u0110KH g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u01b0a l\u0169 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n (x\u00f3i m\u00f2n, r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng, s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf….). B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 r\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea3 t\u0103ng, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m; c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb v\u00e0ng l\u00e1, r\u1ee5ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 c\u00e0nh; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hoa b\u1ecb thui cao; t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p…. \u00a0Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t nh\u01b0 r\u1ec7p s\u00e1p, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 th\u1ed1i r\u1ec5 do tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m trong \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 \u2013 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m 1998, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 1997 v\u00e0 1999 t\u1eeb 20 – 30%; ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean s\u00e0ng 16 gi\u1ea3m 45 – 50% so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u0103m c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i ra trong n\u0103m 1998 do h\u1ea1n n\u1eb7ng n\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbi cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 3 l\u1ea7n l\u00ean 5 l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u00ed ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m 2009, 2010 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1eafng n\u00f3ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 Gia Lai n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 15 \u2013 25 % so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ni\u00ean v\u1ee5 2013-2014, do h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m khi\u1ebfn cho 45.000 ha\u00a0c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/a>\u00a0b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 5.000 ha b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng. B\u1ec7nh g\u1ec9 s\u1eaft b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 huy\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ec9nh L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng. Ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0m cho tr\u00e1i non b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f2n t\u1ea1i S\u01a1n La c\u00f3 3 \u0111\u1ee3t r\u00e9t \u0111\u1eadm, r\u00e9t h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1i h\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho 1.300 ha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. R\u00e9t c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0m cho l\u00e1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb r\u1ee5ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201choa chanh\u201d c\u00e0 ph\u00ea xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1 cao t\u1eeb 20 \u2013 30 % d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u1edf hoa th\u1ea5p, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u0103m 2016, t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 6, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean 100.000 ha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi; nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k v\u00e0 Gia Lai v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 40% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi (VICOFA, 2016). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 4 – 7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Song g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea5p, t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t m\u01b0a \u00edt, g\u00e2y thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nhu c\u1ea7u nu\u00f4i qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 r\u1ee5ng, ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n nh\u1ecf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m 2015 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 60% so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1n kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng El Nino c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho k\u00edch c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2013 kho\u1ea3ng 30%, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 45%. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a n\u0103m s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m, \u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t gia t\u0103ng trong m\u00f9a kh\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00f9a m\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac s\u1edbm l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a m\u1ea7m hoa s\u1edbm, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1n m\u01b0a mu\u1ed9n (th\u00e1ng 12) l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u1edf hoa s\u1edbm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u00f9a kh\u00f4.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 m\u01b0a, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean trong v\u00f2ng 10 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng 12, 1 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u00e0 ph\u00ea g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n th\u1ee5 tinh. C\u00e0 ph\u00ea sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a m\u1ea7m hoa, khi t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u00ec hoa n\u1edf, nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec1u khi g\u1eb7p m\u01b0a ph\u00f9n th\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 tinh tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i (do ph\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng tung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a kh\u00f4, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t mua ph\u00f9n l\u00e0m hoa c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u1edf lai rai, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu ho\u1ea1ch sau n\u00e0y. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2015, 2016 do c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n m\u01b0a nh\u1ecf b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho hoa c\u00e0 ph\u00ea n\u1edf \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng nh\u01b0\u00a0 \u0110\u0103k L\u0103k, \u0110\u0103k N\u00f4ng, L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 hoa n\u1edf l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20 %, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o. R\u1ec7p s\u00e1p h\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000 – 2003, b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 do tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea\u00a0 (2000 – 2004), ve s\u1ea7u h\u1ea1i r\u1ec5 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea (2007 – 2009), b\u1ecd x\u00edt mu\u1ed7i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ch\u00e8 \u1edf L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng (2016 \u2013 2017), \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean do b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u0103ng th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00ec v\u1eady y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd t\u0103ng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i chungtrong th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. Ch\u00ed ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

(ii) Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a WASI, 2017 th\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u00ean 20 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2016) c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 198.000 ha chi\u1ebfm 30,8 % t\u1ed5ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Trong v\u00f2ng 7 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y (2010 \u2013 2016) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 79.000 ha c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i canh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n tr\u1ed3ng thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 120.000 ha. Trong 5-10 n\u0103m ti\u1ebfp theo (2017 \u2013 2026) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 140.000 \u2013 160.000 \u00a0ha gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i tr\u00ean 20 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t sinh do tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1996 \u0111\u1ebfn 2006. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. Sau n\u0103m 2026, \u01b0\u1edbc di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam 100.000 ha v\u00e0 do v\u1eady t\u00e1i canh v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u00e1i canh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea m\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea; t\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 15. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u00ean 20 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 2016<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: WASI, 2016<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 16. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016 \u0111\u1ebfn 2031<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: WASI, 2017<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0(iii) Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i quy ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam nhanh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ngo\u00e0i quy ho\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1975 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1995, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch trung b\u00ecnh\/n\u0103m l\u00e0 8.650 ha; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1995 – 2000 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u0103ng nhanh k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 75.200 ha\/n\u0103m. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y gi\u00e1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u0103ng cao (n\u0103m 2014, 2015), ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; do v\u1eady n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1, \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 2015, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t 5.548 ha\/n\u0103m. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn 2005 do gi\u00e1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 3.000 – 4.000 \u0111\/kg nh\u00e2n n\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1ecb thua l\u1ed7 n\u1eb7ng, nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea sang tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 64.600 ha; trung b\u00ecnh 1 n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m 12.920 ha. Sau n\u0103m 2005, gi\u00e1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, do v\u1eady di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang n\u0103m 2007, to\u00e0n T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 20.000 ha. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng quy ho\u1ea1ch, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, do v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t k\u00e9m m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ea1c m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi\u2026th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1eebng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n l\u1ea5n chi\u1ebfm do v\u1eady ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n

(iv)<\/em> Chi ph\u00ed t\u00e1i canh cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t nguy c\u01a1 s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1i<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i canh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. Theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Khoa h\u1ecdc K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt N\u00f4ng l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean, trong v\u00f2ng 15 n\u0103m t\u1edbi t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017 th\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i canh l\u00e0 250.000 ha. Tuy nhi\u00ean chi ph\u00ed cho t\u00e1i canh kh\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00e2u x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng theo quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i canh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea (ban h\u00e0nh n\u0103m 2016), ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t do tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m g\u00e2y ra…. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 chi ph\u00ed k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi khai hoang, r\u00e0 r\u1ec5, x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00f3n l\u00f3t, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed3ng, ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb n\u1ea5m b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 3 n\u0103m ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 180 \u2013 200 tri\u1ec7u (gi\u00e1 2017). V\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i canh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i vay. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n vay \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1edfi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n; ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 vay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n vay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn trang tr\u1ea3i chi ph\u00ed cho 1 n\u0103m tr\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 2 n\u0103m ki\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfn c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 khi c\u00e0 ph\u00ea cho thu ho\u1ea1ch th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3. Ch\u00ednh do kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1i canh c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f2n ch\u1eadm trong th\u1eddi gian qua. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111a s\u1ed1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea tr\u1ed3ng t\u00e1i canh c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00f9ng trong \u0111\u1ea5t cao do th\u1eddi gian t\u00edch l\u0169y d\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t thu\u1eadn (\u0111\u1ea5t chua, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e0 ph\u00ea.<\/span><\/p>\n

(v) Chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong v\u00f2ng kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng 30 %; chi ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0103ng 40 %; trong khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng theo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh theo th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea (l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao….); th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 chi ph\u00ed gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thua l\u1ed7. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch theo h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p; t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ly n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ly h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u1edf T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu ho\u1ea1ch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2010, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a thu ho\u1ea1ch th\u00ec c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, mi\u1ec1n Trung l\u00ean T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 thu ho\u1ea1ch c\u00e0 ph\u00ea<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng thu ho\u1ea1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/p>\n

+ S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/span><\/p>\n

+ Th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u00e0 ph\u00ea Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/span><\/p>\n

(vi) S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thay th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng cho l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u1ed3 ti\u00eau \u0111en, b\u01a1, v\u00e0 chanh leo nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thu nh\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1eafk L\u1eafk. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1eafk N\u00f4ng v\u00e0 L\u00e2m \u0110\u1ed3ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u gieo tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ti\u00eau \u0111en v\u00e0 c\u00e2y b\u01a1. Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111ang g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed3 ti\u00eau v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn khi gi\u00e1 h\u1ed3 ti\u00eau \u0111en li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2016 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang gieo tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00e0 ph\u00ea do t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt canh t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y Nguy\u00ean. Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch gieo tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea trong ni\u00ean v\u1ee5 2017\/18 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi ni\u00ean v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi khi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh t\u1ebf t\u1eeb canh t\u00e1c c\u00e0 ph\u00ea v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1 cao so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u00faa, ng\u00f4, \u0111i\u1ec1u…<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TS. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3ng (i) Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 quy lu\u1eadt th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4451,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thong-tin-khoa-hoc-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4450\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wasi.org.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}